Labral Tears

The labrum is a piece of cartilage that lines the rim of the shoulder socket, helping to hold the ball of the upper arm bone in place. A labral tear occurs when this cartilage is damaged or torn, often as a result of a shoulder injury.

Causes

Labral tears can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Trauma or injury to the shoulder joint, such as a fall or direct blow to the shoulder
Repetitive overhead motions, such as those performed by athletes or manual laborers
Aging, as the labrum can become more brittle and prone to tearing over time

Symptoms

The symptoms of a labral tear can vary depending on the severity and location of the tear, but may include:

Pain or discomfort in the shoulder joint, especially when lifting or reaching overhead
A feeling of instability or weakness in the shoulder
A popping or clicking sensation in the shoulder when moving the arm
Decreased range of motion in the shoulder

Diagnosis

To diagnose a labral tear, a doctor will typically perform a physical examination of the shoulder and ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests such as an X-ray, MRI, or arthroscopy may also be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and determine the severity of the tear.

Treatment

The treatment for a labral tear depends on the severity and location of the tear, as well as the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. Treatment options may include:

Rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint
Use of a sling or brace to immobilize the shoulder and reduce strain on the affected area
Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
Surgery in severe cases where conservative treatments have not been effective. Surgical options may include repair or reconstruction of the damaged labrum.