Rotator Cuff Tear

The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that attach the shoulder blade to the upper arm bone and help stabilize and move the shoulder joint. A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of these tendons is torn.

Causes

Rotator cuff tears can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Acute injury, such as a fall or impact to the shoulder
Repetitive overhead activities or throwing sports, which can put stress on the rotator cuff tendons and cause microtrauma
Degenerative changes due to aging, which can weaken the tendons and make them more prone to tearing

Symptoms

The symptoms of a rotator cuff tear can vary depending on the severity and location of the tear, but typically include:

Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, especially when reaching overhead or behind the back
Weakness in the affected arm or shoulder, especially when lifting or rotating the arm
A clicking or popping sensation in the shoulder joint
Limited range of motion in the shoulder

Diagnosis

To diagnose a rotator cuff tear, a doctor will typically perform a physical examination of the affected shoulder and ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests such as an X-ray, MRI, or ultrasound may also be ordered to evaluate the extent of the tear and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment

The treatment for a rotator cuff tear depends on the severity and location of the tear, as well as the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. Treatment options may include:

Rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles that support the shoulder joint and improve range of motion
Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
Surgery in severe cases where conservative treatments have not been effective. Surgical options may include repair or reconstruction of the torn tendon, or removal of the damaged tissue.