Shoulder Instability

Shoulder Instability

Shoulder instability is a condition where the shoulder joint is not able to maintain its normal position. This can lead to dislocation, subluxation (partial dislocation), or recurrent instability, where the shoulder slips in and out of its socket.

Causes

Shoulder instability can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

  • Trauma or injury to the shoulder joint, such as a fall or impact to the shoulder
  • Repetitive overhead activities or throwing sports, which can put stress on the shoulder joint and cause microtrauma
  • Genetic factors that may affect the shape or stability of the shoulder joint
  • Weakness or imbalances in the muscles that support the shoulder joint

Symptoms

The symptoms of shoulder instability can vary depending on the severity and frequency of the instability, but typically include:

  • A feeling of looseness or instability in the shoulder joint
  • Pain or discomfort in the shoulder, especially when reaching overhead or behind the back
  • A sensation of the shoulder “popping out” of its socket
  • Limited range of motion in the shoulder
  • Weakness in the affected arm or shoulder

Diagnosis

To diagnose shoulder instability, a doctor will typically perform a physical examination of the affected shoulder and ask about the patient’s symptoms and medical history. Imaging tests such as an X-ray or MRI may also be ordered to evaluate the extent of the injury and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment

The treatment for shoulder instability depends on the severity and frequency of the instability, as well as the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health. Treatment options may include:

  • Rest, ice, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce pain and inflammation
  • Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles that support the shoulder joint
  • Bracing or taping to support the shoulder joint and prevent further instability
  • Corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
  • Surgery in severe cases where conservative treatments have not been effective. Surgical options may include repair or reconstruction of the shoulder joint, or stabilization of the joint with anchors or sutures.